There is a DIFFERENCE between the outcomes of the children of teen mothers IN GENERAL, as compared to the children of older mothers.

Children of teen mothers are:
More likely to be abused
More likely to be taken away and put into foster care

More likely to be premature and low birth weight
Less intellectual development
More likely to stay back in school
Viewed less favorably by teachers
More likely to drop out of school
Boys more likely to go to jail
Girls more likely to be teen mothers
More likely to be raised in single mother families and to live in poverty

There is a DIFFERENCE between the outcomes of the children of teen mothers IN GENERAL, as compared to the children of older mothers.

The children of adolescents are more likely to be born prematurely and 50% more likely to be low-birth weight babies (less than five and a half pounds) when compared to the children of mothers whose age was 20 or 21 when they had their first child.

[I]nfants of adolescent mothers, data suggests that this special class of children, when compared to children born to adult mothers, is at greater risk for a variety of developmental problems.

As they grow, the children of adolescent mothers tend to suffer poorer health than do the children of women who were age 20 or 21 when their first child was born.  

The children born to the youngest teen mothers are at greater risk of being an “indicated case”*** of child abuse or neglect (and being placed in foster care) than are those born to older mothers.  Children born to mothers age 15 and younger are two times more likely to become an indicated case of child abuse/neglect in the first five years of their lives than are the children born to mothers ages 20-21.
***The result of the investigation will be that a report is either indicated (if ACS decides there is some believable evidence of child abuse or neglect) or unfounded (if ACS decides there is no believable evidence). If a case is indicated, that goes in your record at the SCR even if ACS decides not to remove your children or take the case to court. Indicated records are available to many employers and to foster care and adoption agencies so it is important that you be aware of any SCR records about you and that you decide whether you want to try to amend (change) or seal (prevent the release) of those records. “Often ACS tells a person who is being investigated that the case is being closed and it is not clear that even though the case is closed, the person is going to have a record in the SCR. It is important for you to take steps to find out if you have a record, so that you can challenge the record if you want to do so.”
http://www.fpafoundation.org/resources.html

Quote:

The children of adolescent mothers are at higher risk for aggressive behavior.

The negative effects on the cognitive development of children born to adolescent mothers are evident.  A study of children ages four to 14 showed that those born to the youngest teen mothers performed more poorly on tests of cognitive ability, were more likely to be retained a grade, and were less likely to be perceived by their teachers as performing favorably by the time they reached high school.

Children of adolescent mothers are more likely to drop out of high school when compared to the children of mothers age 20-21.
[T]he sons of young teen mothers are nearly three times more likely to be incarcerated than those born to adult mothers.

When compared to women born to mothers aged 20-21, the daughters of adolescent mothers are significantly more likely to give birth themselves before the age of 18. In addition, daughters of adolescent mothers are more susceptible than their mothers to economic dependence and less likely to escape poverty.

Children born to teen mothers often do not have an even start in life.  They are more likely to grow up in a poor and mother-only family, to live in a poor or underclass neighborhood, and to experience high risks to both their health status and potential school achievement.
http://www.cpeip.fsu.edu/resourceFiles/resourceFile_78.pdf